/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008 University of Washington
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

#ifndef SYNCHRONIZER_H
#define SYNCHRONIZER_H

#include "nstime.h"
#include "object.h"

#include <stdint.h>

/**
 * @file
 * @ingroup realtime
 * ns3::Synchronizer declaration.
 */

namespace ns3
{

/**
 * @ingroup realtime
 * @brief Base class used for synchronizing the simulation events to some
 * real time "wall clock."
 *
 * The simulation clock is maintained as a 64-bit integer in a unit specified
 * by the user through the Time::SetResolution function. This means that
 * it is not possible to specify event expiration times with anything better
 * than this user-specified accuracy.  We use this clock for the simulation
 * time.
 *
 * The real-time clock is maintained as a 64-bit integer count of nanoseconds.
 *
 * The synchronization between the simulation clock and the real-time clock
 * is maintained using a combination of sleep-waiting, busy-waiting and a
 * feedback loop.
 */
class Synchronizer : public Object
{
  public:
    /**
     * Get the registered TypeId for this class.
     * @returns The TypeId.
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();

    /** Constructor. */
    Synchronizer();
    /** Destructor. */
    ~Synchronizer() override;

    /**
     * @brief Return true if this synchronizer is actually synchronizing to a
     * realtime clock.
     *
     * The simulator sometimes needs to know this.
     *
     * @returns @c true if locked with realtime, @c false if not.
     */
    bool Realtime();

    /**
     * @brief Retrieve the value of the origin of the underlying normalized wall
     * clock time in simulator timestep units.
     *
     * @returns The normalized wall clock time (in Time resolution units).
     * @see SetOrigin
     */
    uint64_t GetCurrentRealtime();

    /**
     * @brief Establish a correspondence between a simulation time and the
     * synchronizer real time.
     *
     * This method is expected to be called at the "instant" before simulation
     * begins.  At this point, simulation time = 0, and a
     * set = 0 in this method.  We then associate this time with the current
     * value of the real time clock that will be used to actually perform the
     * synchronization.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement the corresponding DoSetOrigin pure
     * virtual method to do the actual real-time-clock-specific work
     * of making the correspondence mentioned above.
     *
     * @param [in] ts The simulation time we should use as the origin (in
     *     Time resolution units).
     * @see DoSetOrigin
     */
    void SetOrigin(uint64_t ts);

    /**
     * @brief Retrieve the value of the origin of the simulation time in
     * Time.resolution units.
     *
     * @returns The simulation time used as the origin (in Time resolution units).
     * @see SetOrigin
     */
    uint64_t GetOrigin();

    /**
     * @brief Retrieve the difference between the real time clock used to
     * synchronize the simulation and the simulation time (in
     * Time resolution units).
     *
     * @param [in] ts Simulation time in Time resolution units.
     * @returns Simulation Time (in Time resolution units)
     *     minus the origin time (stored internally in nanosecond units).
     * @see SetOrigin
     * @see DoGetDrift
     */
    int64_t GetDrift(uint64_t ts);

    /**
     * @brief Wait until the real time is in sync with the specified simulation
     * time or until the synchronizer is Signalled.
     *
     * This is where the real work of synchronization is done.  The @c tsCurrent
     * argument is the simulation time.  The job of Synchronize is to
     * translate from simulation time to synchronizer time (in a perfect world
     * this is the same time) and then figure out how long in real-time it needs
     * to wait until that synchronizer / simulation time comes around.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement the corresponding DoSynchronize pure
     * virtual method to do the actual real-time-clock-specific work of waiting
     * (either busy-waiting or sleeping, or some combination thereof) until the
     * requested simulation time.
     *
     * @param [in] tsCurrent The current simulation time (in Time resolution units).
     * @param [in] tsDelay The simulation time we need to wait for (in Time
     *     resolution units).
     * @returns @c true if the function ran to completion,
     *          @c false if it was interrupted by a Signal.
     * @see DoSynchronize
     * @see Signal
     */
    bool Synchronize(uint64_t tsCurrent, uint64_t tsDelay);

    /**
     * @brief Tell a possible simulator thread waiting in the Synchronize method
     * that an event has happened which demands a reevaluation of the wait time.
     *
     * This will cause the thread to wake and return to the simulator proper
     * where it can get its bearings.
     *
     * @see Synchronize
     * @see DoSignal
     */
    void Signal();

    /**
     * @brief Set the condition variable that tells a possible simulator thread
     * waiting in the Synchronize method that an event has happened which demands
     * a reevaluation of the wait time.
     *
     * @param [in] cond The new value for the condition variable.
     *
     * @see Signal
     */
    void SetCondition(bool cond);

    /**
     * @brief Ask the synchronizer to remember what time it is.
     *
     * Typically used with EventEnd to determine the real execution time
     * of a simulation event.
     *
     * @see EventEnd
     */
    void EventStart();

    /**
     * @brief Ask the synchronizer to return the time step between the instant
     * remembered during EventStart and now.
     *
     * Used in conjunction with EventStart to determine the real execution time
     * of a simulation event.
     *
     * @returns The elapsed real time, in ns.
     * @see EventStart
     */
    uint64_t EventEnd();

  protected:
    /**
     * @brief Establish a correspondence between a simulation time and a
     * wall-clock (real) time.
     *
     * There are three timelines involved here:  the simulation (virtual) time,
     * the (absolute) wall-clock time and the (relative) synchronizer real time.
     * Calling this method makes a correspondence between the origin of the
     * synchronizer time and the current wall-clock time.
     *
     * This method is expected to be called at the "instant" before simulation
     * begins.  At this point, simulation time = 0, and synchronizer time is
     * set = 0 in this method.  We then associate this time with the current
     * value of the real time clock that will be used to actually perform the
     * synchronization.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement this method to do the actual
     * real-time-clock-specific work of making the correspondence mentioned above.
     * for example, this is where the differences between Time parameters and
     * parameters to clock_nanosleep would be dealt with.
     *
     * @param [in] ns The simulation time we need to use as the origin (normalized to
     *    nanosecond units).
     * @see SetOrigin
     */
    virtual void DoSetOrigin(uint64_t ns) = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Return @c true if this synchronizer is actually synchronizing to a
     * realtime clock.
     *
     * The simulator sometimes needs to know this.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement this method to tell the outside world
     * whether or not they are synchronizing to a realtime clock.
     *
     * @returns @c true if locked with realtime, @c false if not.
     */
    virtual bool DoRealtime() = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Retrieve the value of the origin of the underlying normalized wall
     * clock time in Time resolution units.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement this method to do the actual
     * real-time-clock-specific work of getting the current time.
     *
     * @returns The normalized wall clock time (in nanosecond units).
     * @see SetOrigin
     */
    virtual uint64_t DoGetCurrentRealtime() = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Wait until the real time is in sync with the specified simulation
     * time.
     *
     * This is where the real work of synchronization is done.  The
     * @c nsCurrent argument is the simulation time (in ns).  The job of
     * DoSynchronize is to translate from simulation time to synchronizer time
     * (in a perfect world these are the same time) and then figure out
     * how long in real-time it needs to wait until that
     * synchronizer / simulation time comes around.
     *
     * Subclasses are expected to implement this method to do the actual
     * real-time-clock-specific work of waiting (either busy-waiting or sleeping,
     * or some combination) until the requested simulation time.
     *
     * @param [in] nsCurrent The current simulation time (in nanosecond units).
     * @param [in] nsDelay The simulation time we need to wait for (normalized to
     * nanosecond units).
     * @returns @c true if the function ran to completion,
     *          @c false if it was interrupted by a Signal.
     * @see Synchronize
     * @see Signal
     */
    virtual bool DoSynchronize(uint64_t nsCurrent, uint64_t nsDelay) = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Tell a possible simulator thread waiting in the
     * DoSynchronize method that an event has happened which
     * demands a reevaluation of the wait time.
     *
     * @see Signal
     */
    virtual void DoSignal() = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Set the condition variable to tell a possible simulator thread
     * waiting in the Synchronize method that an event has happened which
     * demands a reevaluation of the wait time.
     *
     * @param [in] cond The new value for the condition variable.
     * @see SetCondition
     */
    virtual void DoSetCondition(bool cond) = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Get the drift between the real time clock used to synchronize
     * the simulation and the current simulation time.
     *
     * @param [in] ns Simulation time in ns.
     * @returns Drift in ns units.
     * @see SetOrigin
     * @see GetDrift
     */
    virtual int64_t DoGetDrift(uint64_t ns) = 0;

    /**
     * @brief Record the normalized real time at which the current
     * event is starting execution.
     */
    virtual void DoEventStart() = 0;
    /**
     * @brief Return the amount of real time elapsed since the last call
     * to EventStart.
     *
     * @returns The elapsed real time, in ns.
     */
    virtual uint64_t DoEventEnd() = 0;

    /** The real time, in ns, when SetOrigin was called. */
    uint64_t m_realtimeOriginNano;
    /** The simulation time, in ns, when SetOrigin was called. */
    uint64_t m_simOriginNano;

  private:
    /**
     * @brief Convert a simulator time step (in Time resolution units)
     * to a normalized time step in nanosecond units.
     *
     * @param [in] ts The simulation time step to be normalized.
     * @returns The simulation time step normalized to nanosecond units.
     */
    uint64_t TimeStepToNanosecond(uint64_t ts);

    /**
     * @brief Convert a normalized nanosecond time step into a
     * simulator time step (in Time resolution units).
     *
     * @param [in] ns The nanosecond count step to be converted
     * @returns The simulation time step to be interpreted in appropriate units.
     */
    uint64_t NanosecondToTimeStep(uint64_t ns);
};

} // namespace ns3

#endif /* SYNCHRONIZER_H */
